Uman National University | today: 05/23/2026
| Author(s) | Войтовська В.І., , , | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | The Agronomy | ||
| year | 2026 | issue | Issue 108 part 1 |
| pages | 207-220 | index UDK | 633.174. 578.22 | DOI | 10.32782/2415-8240-2026-108-1-207-220 (Link) |
| Abstract | Aim. To obtain sorghum callus in in vitro culture depending on the explant type and thidiazuron concentration. Methods. The research was conducted at the Biotechnology Laboratory of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the NAAS during 2021–2025. To ensure objective results and a profound study of the genetic determination of sorghum morphogenesis, a differentiated panel of 10 genotypes differing in origin and ecological-geographic affiliation was included: domestic cultivars (Lan 59, Stepovyi 8, Saturn, Zeus), characterized by high adaptive stability to environmental conditions; and foreign hybrids (Svat, Sugargraze, Prime, Yuki, Targga, Burggo), representing the modern global intensive-type gene pool. Callus was derived from sorghum seedling parts – leaves and roots – selected from germinated seeds and plants grown in in vitro culture. Results. It was established that thidiazuron (TDZ) at a concentration of 0.60 mg/L is the most effective inducer of callusogenesis for all studied genotypes. Its use ensures a callus biomass yield of 74–92%, which is on average 8–10% higher compared to similar concentrations of BAP and BA. Increasing the concentration of any cytokinin above 0.70 mg/L leads to the inhibition of cell division, reducing the frequency of callus formation by 1.8–2.4 times upon reaching 1.0 mg/L. Studies indicate that leaves obtained from in vitro cultures demonstrate the highest regenerative capacity, ensuring callus formation in 82–92% of cases. Root segments of seedlings proved to be the least suitable for induction, trailing behind in vitro leaf explants by an average of 28–32% in callusogenesis frequency and 45–55% in globule mass. It was found that the Svat cultivar excelled in all indicators (maximum 82% callus formation, globule mass of 210 mg), while Stepovyi 8 (88%) and Sugargraze (87%) belonged to the high-productivity group. The lowest indicators were recorded in the Yuki cultivar, where the frequency of callusogenesis in roots was only 44%, with a globule mass of 80 mg. Conclusions. To maximize the yield of sorghum callus biomass (2.3 times higher compared to suboptimal conditions), it is recommended to use a combination of in vitro leaf explants of the Svat cultivar with the addition of 0.60 mg/L TDZ. | ||
| Key words | TDZ, induction, mass, frequency of callusogenesis, dedifferentiation | ||