Uman National University | today: 05/23/2026
| Author(s) | Lubych V.V., Candidate of Agricultural Science, Lecturer of Department of Technology of Storage and Processing of Grain, Uman National University of Horticulture, Ukraine | ||
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| Category | The Agronomy | ||
| year | 2026 | issue | Issue 108 part 1 |
| pages | 423-446 | index UDK | 633.111:631.8]:632.93 | DOI | 10.32782/2415-8240-2026-108-1-423-446 (Link) |
| Abstract | Purpose. To evaluate the infection of spring bread wheat plants with brown rust under the application of different rates of nitrogen fertilizers and the fungicide Falcon 460 EC, EC. Methods. Field, laboratory, analytical, and statistical methods. Results. The studies established that the degree of infection of wheat plants with brown rust depends on the growth and development stage of the crop. The development of the brown rust pathogen depends more on weather conditions than on fertilizer application. Yield losses caused by brown rust depend on the timing of its maximum development, varietal resistance, and cultivation technology. At the same time, grain quality indicators deteriorate significantly: grain bulk density, vitreousness, crude gluten content, and flour strength decrease. The most effective means of disease control is the cultivation of resistant and tolerant varieties, prevention of volunteer plants, and, in the case of moderate or epiphytotic development, fungicide spraying. The conducted studies showed that infection of spring wheat plants depends on the weather conditions of the growing season, crop growth and development stages, nitrogen fertilizer rates, and the application of Falcon 460 EC, EC. At the heading stage, this indicator ranged from 6–8 points, while the disease severity was 5–15%; at the milk ripeness stage, it ranged from 5–8 points, and disease severity reached 5–25%, depending on nitrogen fertilizer rates and the year of study. The application of Falcon 460 EC, EC contributed to increased resistance to brown rust compared to plots where the fungicide was not applied. Thus, at the milk ripeness stage, disease resistance reached 8 points, while disease severity decreased to 4–5%. The technical efficiency of Falcon 460 EC, EC did not change depending on nitrogen fertilizer rates and ranged from 72–77%. The average yield of spring wheat during the years of study was 38.9–56.1 c/ha depending on the treatment variant without Falcon 460 EC, EC and 41–59 c/ha with its application. The average protein content during the years of study ranged from 15.3–16.4% without Falcon 460 EC, EC and from 15.3–16.8% with its application. Gluten content was 31.1–37.1% and 31.1–37.5%, respectively. Conclusions. Under the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on podzolized chernozem soil, to obtain a stable yield of spring wheat, nitrogen fertilizers should be applied at a rate of N90 before pre-sowing cultivation on the background of P60K60 applied during autumn primary tillage. To reduce the development of brown rust in spring wheat crops, the fungicide Falcon 460 EC, EC (0.6 l/ha) should be applied against the background of the recommended rate of mineral fertilizers. | ||
| Key words | brown rust, spring bread wheat, plant infection, yield, grain quality, technical efficiency | ||