Uman National University | today: 05/28/2026
| Author(s) | Rogalskyy S. V., Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, , Uman National University of Horticulture, Ukraine | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | The Agronomy | ||
| year | 2026 | issue | Issue 108 part 1 |
| pages | 352-358 | index UDK | 633.1:631.559:636.085 | DOI | 10.32782/2415-8240-2026-108-1-352-358 (Link) |
| Abstract | Field experiments aimed at studying the yield and quality of green biomass of winter crops–rye, wheat, and triticale–were conducted in the zone of unstable moisture supply at the experimental field of Uman National University, within the crop rotation system of the Department of Crop Production. The following varieties were investigated: winter rye Kyivske 90, winter wheat Podolianka, and winter triticale Harne. The results obtained during 2023–2025 showed that winter rye provided the lowest green biomass yield, averaging 18.2 t/ha, whereas winter wheat yielded 22.7 t/ha and winter triticale 26.1 t/ha. In the treatment with fertilizer application at a rate of N30P60K60, green biomass yields increased and amounted to 21.2 t/ha for rye, 24.4 t/ha for wheat, and 28.5 t/ha for triticale. Despite the fact that rye produced the lowest green biomass yield, it cannot be replaced by winter wheat or triticale, since the latter produce green biomass 10–15 days later. This may result in the formation of a so–called “gap” in the green conveyor, when fresh forage is unavailable. Regarding winter wheat and triticale, winter wheat can be replaced by triticale, which produced 3.4–4.1 t/ha higher yield and had a feeding period extended by two days, which is critically important for the uninterrupted supply of livestock with green fodder. In 1 kg of green biomass of winter rye at the stem elongation stage, there are 170 g of dry matter, 31 g of crude protein, and 6 g of crude fiber. At the beginning of heading, these indicators were 176 g, 26 g, and 7 g, respectively. Thus, as plants mature, the content of dry matter and crude fiber increases, while crude protein content decreases. Similar patterns in the change of green biomass quality were also observed in winter wheat and triticale. Therefore, the forage gradually becomes coarser and less palatable to animals. The highest indicators were obtained in the winter triticale treatment with fertilizer application at N30P60K60: dry matter yield – 8.24 t/ha; feed units – 6.61 t/ha; digestible protein – 0.827 t/ha. | ||
| Key words | phenological observations, growth stages, productivity, green biomass quality, winter cereal crops | ||