Uman National University | today: 12/25/2025
| Author(s) | Заморський І. В., , , | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | The Agronomy | ||
| year | 2025 | issue | Issue 107 part 1 |
| pages | 322-329 | index UDK | 634.11:634.1-15:634.1.055:634.1.076 | DOI | 10.32782/2415-8240-2025-107-1-322-329 (Link) |
| Abstract | The use of stress relief agents in gardening after drought or low temperatures is an important agrotechnical measure that helps plants recover faster, reduce crop losses, and improve their immunity to future stresses. Drought and cold lead to cell dehydration, inhibition of photosynthesis, a decrease in chlorophyll content in the foliage, hormonal imbalance, and, in general, a weakening of the immune system of fruit plants. Against this background, the absorption of nutrients during the growing season decreases sharply. Three apple varieties were studied: Belida, Red Jonaprince, and Honeycrisp, which were grown on M.9 rootstock. Anti-stress fertilizers were applied—Ecoline Phosphite (K-Amino), Ecoline Universal Growth (Amino), and Polyactive Boost—using the foliar application method. An analysis of the anatomical parameters of shoots (bark, phloem, xylem, phloem vessels) and leaves (vein width, phloem, leaf thickness) in the studied varieties was performed. Various methods (field, laboratory) were used, as well as stati-stical analysis of the results. Anatomical studies were conducted according to the methodology of Zamorsky V.V. The study of cross sections of shoots of the Modi apple variety showed that in the variant with the use of the Universal Growth fertilizer, the most pronounced increase in the thickness of the phloem and phloem vessels (up to 32 µk) was observed. The mineral fertilizer “Phosphite” stimulated the development of xylem (1422 µk), while “Polyactive Boost” ensured moderate development of all tissues. In shoots of the Red Jonaprince variety, foliar application of fertilizer significantly increased the thickness of phloem and xylem. The highest values for xylem (1793 µk) and phloem (1748 µk) were observed in the variant with the application of Polyactive Boost. The mineral fertilizers Universal Growth and Phosphite enhanced the development of phloem vessels (up to 34 µk). A study of Honey Crisp shoots showed that the mineral fertilizer Polyactive Boost provided the highest increase in phloem thickness (up to 1771 µk), while Universal Growth stimulated xylem development (up to 1583 µk). The changes in the diameters of the phloem vessels were insignificant and did not exceed the limits of NIR05. Analysis of the data in Table 2 shows that all parameters were lowest in the Modi variety in the control variant. Foliar application of the Universal Growth fertilizer significantly increased the width of the vein (1272 µk) and phloem (730 µk), which exceeded the control by 2.3–3.6 times. The fertilizer “Fosfitny” caused a moderate growth of anatomical structures, and “Polyactiv Boost” caused an increase, but less intense than “Universal Growth.” Control leaves of the Red Jonaprince variety had average values for vein width (1036 µk) and phloem width (603 µk). The maximum values for the studied variety were obtained in the variant with foliar application of Universal Growth fertilizer – 1252 µk and 874 µk, respectively, which indicates a high response of the variety to foliar feeding. The mineral fertilizers “Fosfitny” and “Polyactiv Boost” also increased the anatomical parameters of the leaves of the Red Jonaprinz variety, but to a lesser extent. Measurements of the parameters of Honeycrisp apple leaves showed that the control leaves had the lowest values among the varieties studied. The highest values for vein width (946 µk) and leaf thickness (262 µk) were observed in the variant using Universal Growth fertilizer. Foliar application of the fertilizer “Fosfitny” provided a moderate increase, and “Polyaktiv Boost” had the strongest effect on leaf thickness (308 µk), which may indicate stimulation of the mesophyll. | ||
| Key words | apple tree, anti-stress fertilizers, anatomy of shoots, anatomy of leaves | ||