Uman National University | today: 12/25/2025
| Author(s) |
Яценко В. В., , , Яценко Н. В., , , Худолій Л. В., , , |
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|---|---|---|---|
| Category | The Agronomy | ||
| year | 2025 | issue | Issue 107 part 1 |
| pages | 249-255 | index UDK | 631.547.2:631.527:633.491(477.4) | DOI | 10.32782/2415-8240-2025-107-1-249-255 (Link) |
| Abstract | The article presents the results of the scientific substantiation and development of a promising model of an early-maturing potato variety adapted to the agroclimatic conditions of the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. The relevance of the study is driven by the need to create genotypes capable of ensuring stable yields and high product quality under conditions of climatic instability, summer droughts, temperature fluctuations, and uneven moisture distribution. Using correlation and multiple regression analyses, a model was constructed based on statistically significant relationships between morphological, physiological–biochemical traits and productivity. A mathematical equation with 11 predictors was applied to describe the main structural components of yield. Comparative analysis showed that the model retains a key adaptive trait–early maturity at ≤80 days–which enables the avoidance of water and heat stress. Morphological characteristics, including a semi-upright plant habit, optimal number of stems (up to 6), plant height ≤60 cm, and number of leaves ≤65 per plant, form a balanced architecture that enhances photosynthetic productivity. The model predicts the formation of up to 10 marketable tubers and an increase in average tuber weight to 75 g, exceeding prototype varieties by 7–16%. The biological yield of the model reaches 28 t/ha, which is 10–33% higher than traditional early varieties (18.8–20.6 t/ha), and early yield may reach 15 t/ha, a 62% increase over the baseline. Biochemical indicators are also improved: starch content is 14.2%, dry matter – 23.0%, ascorbic acid – 16.0 mg/100 g, and sugars – 0.70%. These parameters confirm high marketability, flesh density, good culinary quality, and enhanced storage capacity. Thus, the developed variety model is characterized by complex adaptability, optimized morphogenesis, and increased productivity. It can serve as a breeding foundation for creating a new generation of high-yielding early potato varieties that combine stability, plasticity, cultivation efficiency, and improved product quality. | ||
| Key words | early-maturing potato; variety model; morphological traits; productivity; biological yield; starch; dry matter | ||