Uman National University | today: 12/25/2025
| Author(s) |
Novak A., Candidate of Agricultural Science, , Uman National University of Horticulture, Ukraine Novak Y.W., Candidate of Agricultural Science, , Uman National University of Horticulture Кулик В. П., , , Новак М. А., , , |
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| Category | The Agronomy | ||
| year | 2025 | issue | Issue 107 part 1 |
| pages | 164-176 | index UDK | 551.5:477.46 | DOI | 10.32782/2415-8240-2025-107-1-164-176 (Link) |
| Abstract | Among the phenomena dangerous for agriculture in the warm season are frosts (a temporary decrease in the minimum temperature on the soil surface or in the grass below 0 ºС against the background of positive average daily air temperatures). Therefore, a modern monitoring/early warning/risk management system makes it possible to at least partially minimize the losses caused by meteorological factors. Thus, in April 2025, the employees of the Uman weather station timely predicted the probability of frosts and informed the population of the Uman region through the media, when cold waves caused dangerous agrometeorological phenomena and conditions – frosts, which were observed for 9 days. In particular, the total duration of frosts varied from 02:50 on April 12 and 03:10 on April 14 to 06:00 on April 13 and 28 and 10:00 on April 10 and 13:30 on April 11, 2025. Therefore, long-term frosts were observed from April 7 to 11 and on April 13 and 28, and only on April 12 and 14 – short-term (no longer than 5 hours). The intensity of the phenomenon was determined by the minimum temperature, which during April 9-11 on the soil surface ranged from minus 3.2 to 40C, at a height of two centimeters from the underlying surface it decreased to minus 2.5–4.2 0C) and to minus 3.8–4.40C in the air. Therefore, the analysis showed damage to various parts of plants due to frost from April 7 to 28, 2025. In particular, in grapes – closed buds and flowers, in early varieties of beans, shoots and flowers died by 90%. Buds and flowers and fruit ovary in mulberry and cherry had frost damage by 80%. Flowers and ovary of raspberries and strawberries, as well as closed buds, flowers, fruit ovary of apricot and peach died by 70%. The least frost damage - up to 40% due to the initial phase of development – was suffered by the buds, flowers and fruit ovary of apple trees of summer and autumn varieties, pear, plum and cherry. To prevent plant death and reduced yields, it is very important to be able to protect them from frost. Scientists and producers recommend the following protection methods: sheltering plants using improvised materials, sprinkling or irrigation, anti-stress through nutrition, use of heat-generating machines and wind air mixers, fumigation (building bonfires, using vodka and paraffin candles). | ||
| Key words | duration and intensity of frosts, buds and flowers and fruit ovary of fruit and berry crops, protection methods | ||