Uman National University | today: 12/25/2025
| Author(s) |
Сліденко С. І., , , Ryabovol Y.S., , postgraduate, Uman National University of Horticulture, Ukraine |
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|---|---|---|---|
| Category | The Agronomy | ||
| year | 2025 | issue | Issue 107 part 1 |
| pages | 109-115 | index UDK | 631.527.581.143:633.14 | DOI | 10.32782/2415-8240-2025-107-1-109-115 (Link) |
| Abstract | The article outlines the main objectives of winter rye breeding programs in Ukraine. The importance of selecting and further developing synthetic varieties of this crop is emphasized. The key advantages of cultivating synthetic varieties compared to F₁ rye hybrids are highlighted, along with the prospects for developing and growing such synthetic forms in Ukraine. During the breeding work focused on developing and evaluating short-stemmed, high-yielding inbred lines of winter rye, a number of samples with high general combining ability were identified. The aim of the study was to evaluate the synthetic population of winter rye 23/5, developed through panmixia of selected parental hybrid components characterized by dominant short-stemmedness, effective redistribution of assimilates toward grain, and a set of economically valuable traits. As a result of the conducted research, the synthetic winter rye population 23/5 was analyzed. This population can serve as a donor of genes for several agronomically valuable traits, including productive tillering, spike length, number and mass of grains per spike, and thousand-grain weight. Potential ways to improve these traits were identified. The synthetic population 23/5 represents a grain-type, diploid (2n = 14), short-stemmed (96 cm) sample with a winter growth habit and an erect plant form. Its productive tillering under sparse planting conditions averaged 9.5 stems per plant. The sample by a short coleoptile with anthocyanin coloration is characterized. The flag leaf is of medium length and width, with a short sheath. The spike is of medium length (10.2 cm), loose, erect, and has a slightly glaucous coating. The peduncle below the spike shows a slight anthocyanin tint. The grain is of medium length, elongated, with a light-colored aleurone layer. The thousand-grain weight is 37 g. Over the years of study, the sample demonstrated high resistance to lodging, drought, and shattering, with minimal disease incidence. | ||
| Key words | winter rye, synthetic variety, panmictic population, sample, economically valuable traits | ||