Uman National University | today: 06/19/2025
| Author(s) |
Smoliy L.V., Candidate of Ekonomikal Sciences, , Смолій В. О., , , Діхтяренко Н. В., , , |
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| Category | Economics | ||
| year | 2025 | issue | Випуск 106 Частина 2 |
| pages | 188-196 | index UDK | 339.564 : 338.45 + 330.35(477) | DOI | 10.32782/2415-8240-2025-106-2-188-196 (Link) |
| Abstract | The article examines the problem of technological specialization of Ukraine's agri-food exports in the context of its impact on macroeconomic development in 2016–2024. The relevance of the study is due to the dominance of raw materials, negative values of the technological complexity index, and increased vulnerability of the economy to external shocks, which was especially evident during the COVID-19 pandemic and the military blockade of ports. The purpose of the work is a comprehensive assessment of the dynamics of the technological structure of exports, quantitative measurement of its impact on GDP and total factor productivity, as well as substantiation of strategic directions for diversifying the export basket in favor of products with high added value. The methodological basis is based on a multi-level analysis of data from the State Customs Service, the State Statistics Service, UN Comtrade, and OECD. To verify the results, an analysis was conducted to identify trends and shifts in commodity, market, and production specialization. The results prove that agricultural exports are hyper-specialized in raw materials. A persistent predominance of raw materials and negative values of the technological complexity index were identified, which deepens the structural imbalances of the economy. Technological lag of the processing link and dependence on external shocks were established. This restrains growth, deepens the trade deficit and causes a reduction in employment in the food industry. The key areas identified were diversification and increasing the technological efficiency of exports - increasing the share of processed products, integration into global value chains on more favorable terms, development of the domestic food industry, improvement of the quality control system and food safety. The conclusions emphasized the need for clustering of processing enterprises, implementation of a sound antitrust policy and balancing the influence of agroholdings, expansion of export crediting for SMEs, harmonization of standards with the EU Green Deal, and increased R&D, which will ensure sustainable economic growth and integration of Ukraine into high-tech value chains. | ||
| Key words | technological specialization, agri-food exports, economic development, technological complexity, diversification | ||