Uman National University | today: 06/27/2025
| Author(s) |
Yakovenko R.V., Candidate of Agricultural Science, , Uman National University of Horticulture, Ukraine Кукуруза В. Т., , , |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | The Agronomy | ||
| year | 2025 | issue | Issue 106 Part 1 |
| pages | 30-35 | index UDK | 634.11:631.5 | DOI | 10.32782/2415-8240-2025-106-1-30-35 (Link) |
| Abstract | The apple tree is one of the most widespread fruit crops around the world. This is due to the ability to consume apples throughout the year in their fresh form, thus meeting the population's demand for vitamin-rich fruit products. The areas suitable for growing this crop are determined by its high adaptability to various soil and climatic conditions, as well as the large number of varieties and rootstocks adapted for each fruit-growing zone. Pruning trees is an important agronomic practice, the need for which is determined by the biological characteristics of the growth and fruiting of fruit crop varieties, as well as the objectives of modern industrial horticulture. The results of studies on the impact of pruning methods and crown illumination on the productivity indicators of apple trees of the Champion Arno and Rubin Star varieties, grown on leached chernozem soil in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, are presented. The research was conducted in 2023–2024 at the experimental apple orchard of the Uman National Horticultural University. The objects of the study were various methods of forming the leader and first-tier branches, as well as the lighting of the center of the apple tree canopy for the Champion Arno and Rubin Star varieties on the medium-sized rootstock ММ.106. Over the years of the study, it was found that shortening the leader and first-tier branches to a "stub," with the creation of a "window" in the canopy, contributed to a 6–7 % increase in the number of flowers compared to the control. Canopy center lighting, with the creation of a "window," resulted in a significant increase in the yield of the experimental apple trees by 7 % compared to the traditional method—without lighting. The Champion Arno variety produced significantly higher fruit yields compared to the Rubin Star variety (by 18 %). | ||
| Key words | apple tree, Rubin Star, Champion Arno, pruning methods, crown illumination, number of fruits, yield, tree productivity | ||