Uman National University | today: 06/27/2025
| Author(s) |
Шейдик К. А., , , Савіна О. І., , , Матієга О. О., , , |
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|---|---|---|---|
| Category | The Agronomy | ||
| year | 2025 | issue | Issue 106 Part 1 |
| pages | 509-521 | index UDK | 633.71:581.1/.4:631.53 | DOI | 10.32782/2415-8240-2025-106-1-509-521 (Link) |
| Abstract | The article examines the photoperiodic responses of Nicotiana rustica L. as a key factor in optimizing its sowing dates under climate change conditions. The introduction substantiates the relevance of the issue: the duration of daylight is the most stable ecological factor, while temperature, humidity, and light intensity can vary significantly, affecting plant growth and development. Photoperiodism synchronizes physiological processes with seasonal environmental changes and regulates the transition to flowering, which is especially important for short-day crops such as Nicotiana rustica L. The paper emphasizes that even short-term interruptions of the dark period can significantly delay flowering, and the intensity of photoperiodic responses depends on the genetic characteristics of the cultivar, temperature regime, and other abiotic factors. The aim of the research was to analyze the photoperiodic responses of the main cultivars of the Ukrainian group of Nicotiana rustica L., determine the influence of sowing dates and weather anomalies on their development, and provide recommendations for optimizing agrotechnologies to improve yield and raw material quality. The studies were conducted in 2014–2023 at the experimental site of the Institute of agrarian resources and regional development of NAAS of Ukraine (Velyka Bakta village, Transcarpation region). The research objects were the cultivars Vysokorosla zelena, Kurchava, Bakun, Malopasynkova, Khmelovka, and Zhovta. Sowing was carried out using seedling-planting machines according to the 60×30 cm scheme, with a plant density of 60,000 plants/ha. The field method with different sowing dates (April 25 and May 20) was used, which made it possible to trace the influence of weather conditions, sowing dates and photoperiod on the growth, development, and productivity of different cultivars. The research results showed that weather conditions significantly affect the duration of the vegetation period and phenological phases. In the dry and warm year of 2020, accelerated vegetation was observed, with delayed emergence due to excessive spring moisture and rapid maturation due to August drought. In 2023, moderate temperatures (16–23°C) and sufficient precipitation ensured uniform plant development, leaf and seed filling and high raw material quality. It was found that with later sowing (May 20), all phenological phases shifted 3–4 weeks later, and the vegetation period shortened by 7–15 days. At the same time, morphological indicators (number of leaves, plant height, leaf blade size) remained stable, indicating high adaptability of the cultivars to changes in sowing dates. The analysis showed that the duration of Nicotiana rustica L. vegetation period is determined by a combination of the cultivar’s genetic characteristics, annual weather conditions, and photoperiodic response. The cultivars exhibit different sensitivity to photoperiod changes: Vysokorosla zelena has the strongest photoperiodic response, while Khmelovka has the weakest. The obtained data confirm the need for a comprehensive approach to choosing optimal sowing dates for Nicotiana rustica taking into account varietal characteristics and forecasted weather conditions to ensure stable yield and raw material quality under climate change. | ||
| Key words | Nicotiana rustica L., photoperiodism, cultivar types, vegetation period, weather conditions, yield, adaptability | ||