Uman National University | today: 06/27/2025
| Author(s) |
Butsyk R. M., Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, , Яковенко Р. В., , , Polunina O. V., , , Uman National University of Horticulture Chaploutskyi A.M., , , Uman National University of Horticulture Головатий П. А., , , |
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| Category | The Agronomy | ||
| year | 2025 | issue | Issue 106 Part 1 |
| pages | 370-378 | index UDK | 631.53.03-021.4:631.541.1:634.11(477.4) | DOI | 10.32782/2415-8240-2025-106-1-370-378 (Link) |
| Abstract | The article presents the results of research related to the study of the efficiency of using high rootstock budding in the first field of a fruit nursery on the yield and quality of apple planting material in dryland conditions. It was experimentally found that acceleration of growth and development of the budded plants was occurred on 2–3 weeks due to the formed rootstock trunk when budding at a height of 50–60 cm leading to earlier crowning of seedlings and an increase in their growth and generative indicators. The study of the influence of high budding of rootstocks on the quality of apple seedlings was carried out on the experimental field of the fruit nursery of Uman National University in 2020–2024. The seedlings were grown on podzolized, heavy loamy chernozem with a planting scheme of 1 × 0.3 m. The experimental scheme included a variant with rootstocks budding at a height of 50–60 cm. The variant with a traditional budding height of 15–25 cm was taken as the control variant. The studied agronomic measure was studied on medium-sized MM.106 and semi-dwarf 54-118 rootstocks and three pomological varieties of apple trees – Champion, Golden Delicious and Florina. The seedlings were grown while using traditional technology. Seedlings height, trunk diameter, number and length of lateral growth, number of generative buds and yield of high-quality planting material were determined as recording data. Based on long-term research, it has been found that high budding of semi-dwarf and medium-sized clonal rootstocks in the first field of seedlings nursery contributed to increase in qualitative indicators and yield of standard apple planting material in dryland conditions. At the same time, the average height of one-year-old seedlings significantly raised, which exceeded by 19 % compared to the variant with traditional budding height. High budding of rootstocks reliably stimulated trunk thickening in seedlings by an average of 2.3 mm or 16 %. Also, compared to the traditional budding height, the number of lateral branches in seedlings increased significantly by 4.1 pcs. and the number of generative formations was formed by 4.3 pcs. more, which on average was 46 % and 52 %, respectively. The length of lateral branches significantly became greater. The yield of standard apple planting material got larger by 14 % with high budding of rootstocks. | ||
| Key words | apple tree, seedlings, budding height, growth force, crowning, generative buds, rootstocks, varieties, yield, quality | ||