Uman National University | today: 06/27/2025
| Author(s) |
Novak Zh.M., Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, , Uman National University of Horticulture, Ukraine Kyzhanjvskiy V.G., Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, , Uman National University of Horticulture, Ukraine Ненька О.В., , , Синьоок І. В., , , Новак М. А., , , |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | The Agronomy | ||
| year | 2025 | issue | Issue 106 Part 1 |
| pages | 115-125 | index UDK | 633.112: 631.82:631.5 | DOI | 10.32782/2415-8240-2025-106-1-115-125 (Link) |
| Abstract | An important factor in the growth and stabilization of crop yields is the creation and introduction into production of varieties with high yield potential and adaptation to adverse environmental conditions. For this purpose, distant hybridization is often resorted to, involving samples of related species — donors of useful traits. At the Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology of the Uman National University of Horticulture, soft spring wheat varieties are crossed with samples of Triticum sphaerococcum Perc. During 2023–2024, F2-3 hybrid plants obtained by the method of distant hybridization were analyzed. All analyzed hybrids are short-stemmed, but exceeded the parental forms by 8–16 cm. In F2, the height of plants of all hybrids varied slightly (V = 6.1–9.0 %), in the next generation, the variation of this indicator in different populations was insignificant (sample 346/24 V = 8.8 %), average (V = 10.4–15.4 %) and significant (V = 20.0–28.1 %). The length of the upper internode of F2 hybrids exceeded the Kitri variety by 8.3–11.1 cm and the spherical wheat sample by 4.2–7.0 cm. The indicator varied slightly (V = 6.4 %) and average (V = 12.2–18.8 %). Most F3 hybrids, with the exception of 343/24, were characterized by a greater length of the upper internode than the original forms by 3.0–11.6 cm and 5.7–14.3 cm, respectively. At the same time, it varied from medium to insignificant. The length of the spike of the hybrid F2 345/23 (5.6 cm) was at the level of the sample 135/24 (T. sphaerococcum Perc.), and the hybrids 346/23 and 347/23 occupied an intermediate position between the parental forms (6.4 and 6.3 cm). In the hybrids F3 338/24, 339/24, 340/24, 341/24, 342/24 and 343/24, the spike was 5.8–6.4 cm long, and in the hybrids 344/24, 345/24 and 346/24 it was 7.8–8.6 cm long, exceeding the indicators of both parental forms. The number of spikelets per spike of F2 hybrids was 14.3–17.4 pcs., and F3 – 13.7–16.8 pcs. The variation in spike length of F 2 hybrids was significant (V = 20.1–29.0 %), and F3 – medium (V = 11.5–18.4 %) in the majority of samples and significant in hybrid 341/24 (V = 21.4 %). The number of spikelets per spike varied moderately in F2 hybrids (V = 17.6–18.8 %) and moderately (V = 10.8–19.4 %) and significantly (V = 20.1–22.8 %) in F3. | ||
| Key words | plant height, length of the upper internode, ear length, number of ears in an ear | ||