Uman National University | today: 06/27/2025
| Author(s) |
Martynyuk A.T., Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, , Uman National University of Horticulture, Ukraine Hospodarenko G.M., Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Uman National University of Horticulture, Ukraine Lubych V.V., Candidate of Agricultural Science, Lecturer of Department of Technology of Storage and Processing of Grain, Uman National University of Horticulture, Ukraine Stasinevych O.Y., Candidate of Agricultural Science, Associate Professor of Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Uman National University of Horticulture, Ukraine |
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| Category | The Agronomy | ||
| year | 2025 | issue | Issue 106 Part 1 |
| pages | 19-29 | index UDK | 631.445.4:631.41:633.63]:631.559 | DOI | 10.32782/2415-8240-2025-106-1-19-29 (Link) |
| Abstract | The article presents the results of long-term (since 1964) sugar beet cultivation on podzolized low-humus heavy loamy chernozem without fertilisation in a 10-land field crop rotation in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. It was found that in the areas where no fertiliser had been applied for 50 years, the humus content in the 0–30 cm and 30–50 cm soil layers decreased by 0.58 and 0.41 absolute percentage points, respectively, compared to the initial level at the time of the experiment. By the end of the fifth crop rotation cycle, there was an increase in exchangeable acidity in both the upper 0–30 cm and lower 30–50 cm soil layers up to 5.2 and 5.4 units, respectively and an increase in hydrolytic acidity by 1.4 and 1.1 mmol/kg. The number of absorbed bases and the degree of saturation of the soil with bases during this period decreased from 28.8 and 27.1 to 24.3 and 23.9 mmol/kg, respectively, and the degree of saturation with bases from 92 and 94 to 86 and 90 %. The nutritional regime of podzolized chernozem changed under long-term agricultural use, influencing the formation of sugar beet yield. It was found that podzolized chernozem has high natural fertility, which ensures, in areas where no fertilisers were applied in the field crop rotation for 50 years, the yield of sugar beet roots in the link with clover from 19.6 to 44.8 t/ha, and in the link with corn for silage – from 14.6 t/ha to 42.6 t/ha. A decrease in root crop yields to 14.6 and 19.6 t/ha was observed in years with unfavourable weather conditions (1967, 1986), when precipitation during the sugar beet growing season did not exceed 246.0 and 259.2 mm, respectively. On average, over five rotations, the yield of root crops in unfertilised plots, depending on the sugar beet precursor in the field crop rotation – corn for silage and clover for one mowing, was 29.4 and 31.2 t/ha | ||
| Key words | humus content, soil acidity, nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and potassium compounds, root crop yield | ||