Uman NUH | today: 10/14/2024
| Author(s) |
Lubych V.V., Candidate of Agricultural Science, Lecturer of Department of Technology of Storage and Processing of Grain, Uman National University of Horticulture, Ukraine Войтовська В.І., , , |
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| Category | The Agronomy | ||
| year | 2023 | issue | Issue number 102. Part 1 |
| pages | 233-240 | index UDK | 665.127-047.44:631.526.3:633.368 | DOI | 10.32782/2415-8240-2023-102-1-233-240 (Link) |
| Abstract | Introduction. The seeds have a different biochemical composition, especially in the content of fatty acids. The content of which varies significantly depending on a number of factors. Despite the great interest in oil-containing seeds as functional ingredients, the fatty acid composition and nutritional value of vegetable oil have not been sufficiently studied in the scientific literature. Goal. To determine the content of fatty acids in the oil of blue mustard, seed hemp, oleic and linoleic safflower and their nutritional value. Research methods. Laboratory, chemical, physico-chemical, statistical, calculation, analysis. The results. In the oil of the studied cultures, the content of palmitic acid was the highest among saturated fatty acids – 3.8–7.1%. The highest amount of saturated fatty acids was in hemp oil – 9.5 %. The content of stearic acid was lower – 1.1–2.4 %, depending on the type of oil. In mustard and safflower oil of the oleic type, the amount of MUFA was the highest – 59.2–76.1 %. In hemp and safflower oil of the linoleic type, the amount of PUFA was the highest – 70.3–74.8 %. However, erucic acid was the main one in mustard oil – 41.2 %, safflower oleic type – oleic acid – 74.8 %, and in hemp and safflower linoleic type – linoleic acid – 52.7–74.8 %. According to the content of MUFA and PUFA, safflower oil of the oleic type most corresponded to the daily needs of the human body. In mustard oil, the integral rate for MUFA was almost at the level of the daily requirement – 99 %, but for PUFA it was twice as high. It should be noted that hemp and safflower oil of the linoleic type exceeded the daily requirement of PUFA by 7.0–7.5 times. At the same time, the integral score for MNZHK was at the level of 24 %. The integral score for NLC was at the level of 21–32 %, depending on the type of oil. This figure was higher for hemp oil – 32 %. Conclusions. In hemp oil and safflower oil of the linoleic type, two NFAs were identified, in mustard oil - three, and in safflower oil of the oleic type – five. The highest content of palmitic fatty acid is 6.2–9.5 %. In hemp oil and safflower oil of the linoleic type, one MUFA was identified, in safflower oil of the oleic type - three, and in mustard oil - four. In mustard oil, the highest content of erucic acid is 41.2 %, and in safflower oil of the oleic type, oleic acid is 74.8 %. Two PUFAs were identified in mustard, hemp and safflower oil of the oleic type, and one fatty acid was identified in safflower oil of the linoleic type. In all oils, the highest content of linoleic fatty acid is 15.3–74.8 %. The main fatty acid in mustard oil was erucic, hemp and safflower linoleic type – linoleic, and in safflower oleic type – oleic fatty acid. It was calculated that mustard and safflower oil of the oleic type fully provided the human body's daily need for MUFA and PUFA. Hemp and safflower oil of the linoleic type provided 7.0–7.5 times the daily requirement of PUFA. | ||
| Key words | oil, fatty acids, gray mustard, seed hemp, safflower dye | ||