Uman National University | today: 12/25/2025
| Author(s) | Kononenko L.M., Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, , Uman National University of Horticulture, Ukraine | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | The Agronomy | ||
| year | 2025 | issue | Issue 107 part 1 |
| pages | 399-409 | index UDK | 633.854.78:575.22:581.1 | DOI | 10.32782/2415-8240-2025-107-1-399-409 (Link) |
| Abstract | Aims. The study aimed to investigate the physiological and biochemical parameters of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds of different cultivars depending on the degree of mechanical injury. The research was conducted at Uman National University. Methods. Seed injury levels were simulated mechanically, and the degree of damage was assessed by measuring seed length, width, and the proportion of visibly damaged seeds. The 1000-seed weight, germination percentage, and germination energy were determined according to ISTA methods. Seed moisture content was measured by drying at 105 °C, and oil content was analyzed using the Soxhlet method. Seedling growth parameters (root and shoot length, fresh and dry biomass) were measured after 10 days of germination. Data were statistically processed using, Tukey’s test (p < 0.05), and correlation analysis. Results. With increasing injury intensity, seed length decreased by 8–10%, width by 7–9%, and 1000-seed weight by 15–18%. The proportion of damaged seeds increased from 0% to 24%. Germination decreased by 20–25%, and germination energy by 27–30%. Oil content declined from 53.2% to 50.6%, while seed moisture slightly increased (6.1% to 6.6%). Root length decreased from 4.83 to 3.10 cm, shoot length from 5.20 to 3.50 cm, and dry biomass by 42%. Conclusions. Seed injury reduced seedling length by 1–10% and the thousand-seed weight to 2.63 g (-17.3%). The proportion of damaged seeds increased from 0% to 24% depending on the degree of injury. Mild injury reduced seed quality slightly (2–3%), whereas severe injury caused a substantial decrease (25–30%). The oil content decreased from 53.2% to 50.6% (2.6%), while moisture increased to 6.6%. The length of the radicle and seedling decreased by 33–36%, and dry matter weight by 42%. The most sensitive indicators were seedling length and dry matter weight. The cultivar Kadet showed the highest tolerance (germination 78%, germination energy 72%). | ||
| Key words | Sesamum indicum L., mechanical injury, seed quality, germination energy, oil conten | ||