Uman National University | today: 06/27/2025
| Author(s) | Kononenko L.M., Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, , Uman National University of Horticulture, Ukraine | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | The Agronomy | ||
| year | 2025 | issue | Issue 106 Part 1 |
| pages | 522-531 | index UDK | 633.85:631.531.027:631.527 | DOI | 10.32782/2415-8240-2025-106-1-522-531 (Link) |
| Abstract | This study presents a comparative assessment of three sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivars – Kadet, Boyarin, and Husar— based on biometric and biochemical parameters of seeds. The research was conducted during 2022–2024 in the specialized seed control analytical and technological laboratory of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet. The cultivar Kadet demonstrated superior seed morphology, with the highest average seed length (2.92 ± 0.04 mm), width (1.56 ± 0.02 mm), and thickness (0.94 ± 0.01 mm), coupled with the lowest coefficients of variation (CV = 1.37 %, 1.28 %, and 1.06 %, respectively), indicating high genetic stability. Germination traits confirmed Kadet's advantage with the highest germination rate (93 ± 1.1 %), germination energy (88 ± 1.0 %), and the shortest germination duration (4.2 ± 0.1 days), all with the lowest variability (CV = 1.18 %, 1.14 %, and 2.38 %, respectively). Kadet also exhibited the highest seed density (1.18 ± 0.01 g/cm³) and uniformity (95 ± 1.2 %). Seed weight analysis revealed that Kadet had the largest 1000-seed weight (2.71 ± 0.06 g) compared to Boyarin (2.69 ± 0.08 g) and Husar (2.66 ± 0.09 g), with the lowest CV (2.21 %). Biochemical profiling confirmed Kadet's dominance in oil content (50.2 ± 0.5 %) and total protein (19.7 ± 0.2 %), as well as in crude protein content (18.6 ± 0.5 %), again showing minimal variation (CV = 1.00–1.02 %). Overall, cultivar Kadet consistently outperformed the other genotypes across all analyzed parameters, including seed morphology, physiological viability, and nutritional composition. Its high stability and superior metrics make it a promising candidate for further breeding, industrial oil production, and cultivation under variable climatic conditions. Boyarin and Husar exhibited moderately lower values and higher variability, with Husar being the least favorable under laboratory testing conditions. | ||
| Key words | Sesamum indicum L., seed morphology, germination energy, genetic stability, oil content, protein composition | ||