Uman NUH | today: 12/21/2024
| Author(s) |
Ryabovol L.O., Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Professor of Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Uman National University of Horticulture, Ukraine Ryabovol Y.S., , postgraduate, Uman National University of Horticulture, Ukraine Федоренко С. В., , , |
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| Category | The Agronomy | ||
| year | 2024 | issue | Issue 105 part 1 |
| pages | 231-237 | index UDK | 631.527.581.143:633.11 | DOI | 10.32782/2415-8240-2024-105-1-231-237 (Link) |
| Abstract | Modern high-tech varieties of soft winter wheat differ significantly in plant architecture, individual biochemical indicators and productivity potential. Crop productivity significantly depends on the intensity of photosynthesis was confirmed. Wheat belongs to the leaf model of photosynthesis, because the photosynthetic activity of the leaf apparatus of the crop occupies up to 60 % of the total activity of all plant organs. The aim of the study was to analyze the photosynthetic activity of the initial forms and created hybrid samples of soft winter wheat, which differ in the type of leaf blade location and the presence in the genome of marker genes controlling the trait "wax coating" of the plant's photosynthetic organs. The research was conducted during 2021–2024 at the research plots of the Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology of the Uman National University of Horticulture. The entrance material in the diallel crossing system was samples of soft winter wheat, which differed in architectonics and the alternative sign of the presence or absence of wax coating of vegetative organs and spike. The orientation of the leaf blade and its area significantly affect the photosynthetic activity and, accordingly, the productivity of soft winter wheat plants was confirmed. Morphotypes with erectoid leaf orientation significantly exceeded the standard variety in terms of the area of the assimilation surface of the flag leaf (by 9,4–10,4 %) and in terms of chlorophyll content in it (by 8,4–9,2 %).The erectoid hybrid form 453-19 had the highest chlorophyll content in leaves (4,46 mg/g c. m.) and spike (1,10 mg/g c. m.) of plants. The lowest total concentration of chlorophyll (a + b) in inflorescence cells was recorded in plateaus without wax coating 0,68 mg/g c. m. (sample 315-18). It was established that soft winter wheat hybrids obtained by hybridization of Balkiv forms with alternative traits for genes controlling wax coating of photosynthetic organs, are phenotypically distinguished in the plant population by a dark green color with a barely noticeable wax color and, regardless of the morphotype, have a significantly, by 6,2–28,5 %, higher content of chlorophyll a and b compared to homozygous initial samples. It was found that erectoid forms are characterized by a higher concentration of pigment in plant cells than platophylls. A directly proportional relationship between the area of a flag leaf and the total content of chlorophyll a + b in its cells was confirmed. | ||
| Key words | soft winter wheat, erectoids, рlatophylls, starting material, gene donor, photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll, «wax coating» trait, productivity | ||