Uman NUH | today: 12/21/2024
| Author(s) | Крикун С. П., , , | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | The Agronomy | ||
| year | 2024 | issue | Issue 105 part 1 |
| pages | 126-137 | index UDK | 633.34:338.3-027.511 | DOI | 10.32782/2415-8240-2024-105-1-126-137 (Link) |
| Abstract | Currently, providing the population of the world and, in particular, Ukraine, with protein for the processing and animal husbandry industries is an important issue that needs an urgent solution. The basic component of any crop cultivation technology is a variety or hybrid. Sustainable and effective development of the field of crop production can only take place through the introduction of high-yielding and technological varieties, together with the improvement of adaptive technologies of soybean production in the conditions of an adaptive-landscape economic system of agriculture. Varietal resources are a priority direction of the state, which are the result of the intellectual activity of scientists and institutions. The assortment of soybeans in Ukraine is large – 339 varieties of different origins, groups of ripeness and quality. However, the share of varieties of Ukrainian selection is significant – 135 varieties or 40 %, which confirms the effectiveness of the selection work of Ukrainian breeders. For effective management in the industry, the author conducted an analytical review of the history of the use and expansion of soybean production on a global scale. As a result of the analytical review, it was established that over the period since 1961, thanks to breeding and technological development, the productivity of soybeans on average in the world has increased by 2.3 times, the global sown area – by 5.6 times, and the gross harvest of grain by almost 13 times . In Ukraine, since 1992, soybean productivity has increased by 2.9 times, the sown area by almost 15 times, and the gross harvest by 44 times. The world leaders in soybean production are the USA, Brazil, and Argentina, whose total production is 81.56 % of the global production. At the same time, the share of the United States is 33.36 % or 92.6 million tons, for which only 6 % of the country's arable land is allocated. | ||
| Key words | soybean, Register of varieties, maturity group, productivity, crop area | ||