Uman NUH | today: 10/14/2024
| Author(s) |
Lubych V.V., Candidate of Agricultural Science, Lecturer of Department of Technology of Storage and Processing of Grain, Uman National University of Horticulture, Ukraine Hospodarenko G.M., Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Uman National University of Horticulture, Ukraine Балян А. В., , , |
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| Category | The Agronomy | ||
| year | 2024 | issue | Issue number 104. Part 1 |
| pages | 201-209 | index UDK | 621.311+338.625.7+ 631.81.036-047.44]:631.816:633.112 | DOI | 10.32782/2415-8240-2024-104-1-201-209 (Link) |
| Abstract | Goal. To determine the economic, agrochemical and energy efficiency of using fertilizers for hard winter wheat. Methods. economic, agrochemical, energy, calculation and comparison, analysis. The results. The profitability of fertilizers also depended on the combination of their individual types and the doses of their introduction in the fertilization of durum winter wheat. Thus, for paired combinations of the main nutrients in fertilizer, the highest return on 1 kg of yr was in the variant of the experiment with the introduction of only nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers (N150P60) – 5.0 kg of grain. For the introduction of complete mineral fertilizer with different ratios of N : P2O : K2O, this indicator was from 3.9 in the N150P30K80 version of the experiment to 5.7 kg in the N75P30K40 version. This shows that by optimizing the doses of fertilizers and the correct combination of nutrients in them, it is possible to increase their agrochemical efficiency. The energy cost of hard winter wheat grain, depending on the fertilization system, was 9.8–15.7 GJ/t. Nitrogen fertilizers significantly increased energy consumption per unit of crop growth. Thus, compared to the phosphorus-potassium background in the composition of complete mineral fertilizer, this increase was 3.4 GJ/t, while from phosphorus fertilizers – 2.0 and potash – 1.0 GJ/t. The lowest energy cost of grain (9.8 GJ/t) was in the experiment variant N75P30K40 and increased with the addition of N150P30–60K40–80. A significant part of the cost of using mineral fertilizers is the cost of their purchase. This value varies depending on the types and doses of fertilizers. So, in the N75P30K60 version, the cost of nitrogen fertilizers is 75 %, phosphorus – 15 %, and potassium – 10 %. The highest conditionally net profit was ensured by the use of 75 kg/ha per year of nitrogen fertilizers – 27.7 thousand hryvnias/ha. The use of complete mineral fertilizer (N75P30K40) contributed to a slightly lower profit – 26.4 thousand hryvnias/ha. Conclusions. The highest return on 1 kg of fertilizers is provided by the use of N75 – 8.3 kg of grain, the net energy income is 3.7 GJ/ha for a conditional net profit of 27.7 thousand UAH/ha. The use of N75P30K40 provides a net profit at the level of UAH 26.4 thousand/ha. Taking into account the agrochemical and energy efficiency and the prospects of restoring soil fertility, the best (IQ = 0.91) is the use of N75P30K40 under the condition of growing hard winter wheat after soybeans in a four-field crop rotation. | ||
| Key words | hard winter wheat, fertilization systems, economic, agrochemical, energy efficiency | ||