Uman NUH | today: 10/21/2024
| Author(s) | Kravchenko V. S., Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, , Uman National University of Horticulture, Ukraine | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | The Agronomy | ||
| year | 2019 | issue | Issue number 95. Part 1 |
| pages | 189-199 | index UDK | 631.8.022.3 | DOI | 10.31395/2415-8240-2019-95-1-189-199 (Link) |
| Abstract | The article explores the problem of the possibility of using dreg as an alternative spreading of organic fertilizer into agricultural land. One of the reasons for the dehumidification and deterioration of agronomic properties of agricultural land is the uncontrolled application of mineral fertilizers. Only a scientific agro-ecological approach, namely the calculation of nutrient and humus balance depending on the crop grown, as well as the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the soil, will support the level of nutrients in agricultural soils. Spreading the dreg as an organic fertilizer business owners increase the elements of nitrogen soil, which is of scientific and practical interest for agrochemistry, provides nitrogen transformation in the system "soil - fertilizer - plant" in order to increase the productivity of high quality crops in biological terms. Scientists in the field conduct systematic research aimed at developing resource- and energy-saving technologies for alcohol production and reducing the impact of harmful waste on the environment. In particular, utilization of dreg and increasing of greening of production. Conducted research and analysis of the chemical composition and emission properties of alcohol production of SC "Kozliv distillery" in order to establish their suitability for fertilizing irrigation of crops. Grain dreg mainly falls on filtration fields, which has a negative impact on the environment and pollutes agricultural land. Dreg is a non-uniform liquid with crushed particles of grain, light brown or yellow with the smell of grain or other raw material. Its active acidity (pH) is 3.8… 4.6. According to various literary data, the solids content of the dreg from different raw materials is about 10%. In terms of dry matter, it contains: protein - 13.9… 37.3%, fat - 3.7… 10.7, fiber - 6.2… 11.3, amino acids: lysine, methionine, cystine, tryptophan, non-nitrogenous extractives (BER), as well as vitamins A, D, E, B vitamins, in particular folic acid (Bc), biotin (H), carotenoids. Of the macronutrients are calcium, phosphorus, nitrogen and trace elements: iron, zinc, manganese, and copper. In the biolayer formed in the filtration layer, the organic matter decomposes under the influence of microorganisms upon runoff into the ground. This mechanism is similar to the process of composting mowed vegetation, household food waste and the like. At the same time, in recent years there has been a depletion of soils into the main nutrients due to the scarcity of traditional organic and expensive mineral fertilizers. Partially the lack of basic nutrients, trace elements and organic matter in the soil can be replenished by fertilizing irrigation emissions from alcohol production. At the same time, due to the large irrigation standards, the fertilizer becomes moisture-charging in nature, which allows to provide the plants with the necessary moisture, especially in the initial stages of organogenesis. This opportunity has become relevant in recent years, when there is a rather unstable moisture due to lack of rainfall in the spring. To reduce the negative environmental impact of alcohol production, namely dreg, it is proposed to use dreg sediment as an alternative fertilizer for crops. | ||
| Key words | soil, dehumidification, fertilizers, dreg, nutrients | ||