Uman National University | today: 12/25/2025
| Author(s) |
Лапчинський В. В., , , Хоміна В. Я., , , |
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|---|---|---|---|
| Category | The Agronomy | ||
| year | 2025 | issue | Issue 107 part 1 |
| pages | 599-610 | index UDK | 633.11-152.9:631.544:631.53.04:631.5 | DOI | 10.32782/2415-8240-2025-107-1-599-610 (Link) |
| Abstract | Objective. The study aimed to investigate the influence of hydrothermal conditions on the productivity of winter spelt wheat under different sowing dates, seeding rates, and preceding crops. Methods. Field, measurement, calculation-comparative, analytical, and statistical methods were used. Results. It was established that the duration of the growing season and development stages significantly depended on sowing dates, seeding rates, and hydrothermal conditions. The longest growing season (202–209 days) was observed with sowing in the second decade of September, due to the prolonged interphase period from emergence to the end of autumn vegetation, which averaged 71 days. Sowing in the third decade of September shortened the total duration of the growing season to 192–197 days. Later sowing (first decade of October) reduced the growing season to 184–187 days, and sowing in the second decade of October shortened it to 173–176 days. The initial development period (Zadoks 00–22) was most sensitive to changes in hydrothermal conditions. Delaying sowing negatively affected moisture availability during germination but did not significantly impact hydrothermal provision during subsequent ontogeny. Early sowing dates (second–third decades of September) extended autumn development phases, whereas sowing in the first–second decades of October shortened the total growing season. The highest yield was obtained with sowing in the second–third decades of September, with average values of 6.2–6.6 t/ha, and the maximum yield over the study years reached 8.2 t/ha at a seeding rate of 5.0–6.0 million viable seeds/ha. Conclusions. Sowing winter spelt wheat in the second–third decades of September at a seeding rate of 5.0–6.0 million viable seeds/ha ensures optimal interphase durations and promotes effective use of hydrothermal resources during the growing season. Delaying sowing worsens moisture conditions during germination. Hydrothermal conditions have a decisive influence on yield formation. Increased hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) values (1.1–1.3) caused a significant yield increase (0.90–1.07 t/ha) for winter spelt wheat for both preceding crops. In years with moisture deficit (HTC < 1.0) or excessive moisture (HTC > 1.4), yield decreased by 10–20%. The highest yield of winter spelt wheat was observed after soybean (5.40–6.30 t/ha), indicating the positive effect of this preceding crop on soil fertility and better realization of the genetic potential of spelt varieties. Over three years, the highest yield was recorded for the variety Europa (5.25–6.44 t/ha after spring barley, 5.74–6.75 t/ha after soybean). | ||
| Key words | winter spelt, preceding crops, hydrothermal coefficient, climate, vegetation, seeding rates, sowing dates, organic farming | ||