Uman National University | today: 12/31/2025
| Author(s) |
Chaploutskyi A.M., , , Uman National University of Horticulture Бут С. В., , , Шклярук М. В., , , Butsyk R. M., Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, , |
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| Category | The Agronomy | ||
| year | 2025 | issue | Issue 107 part 1 |
| pages | 256-273 | index UDK | 634.11:581.1:631.53 | DOI | 10.32782/2415-8240-2025-107-1-256-273 (Link) |
| Abstract | Objective. To summarise current scientific approaches to regulating the vegetative growth of apple trees in intensive plantations and to evaluate the effectiveness of mechanical, physiological and chemical methods of influencing growth and fruiting. Methods. An analytical review of scientific sources (2015–2025) was conducted, which examined influence of rootstocks, crown pruning, root and trunk pruning, ringing, shoot bending, the use of retardants and controlled moisture deficiency on morphogenesis, photosynthetic activity, phytohormone balance, and apple tree productivity. Comparative, systematic, and physiological-analytical methods were used to integrate the data obtained. Results. It was found that optimal growth regulation is based on a combination of agrotechnical and chemical methods. Weak-growing rootstocks M.9, G.41 and their analogues ensure compact trees and early fruiting, while mechanical methods (pruning roots and trunks, ringing, bending shoots) reduce growth by 20–40% and stimulate the formation of generative buds. Chemical growth regulators (calcium prohexadione, paclobutrazol) limit shoot elongation without reducing yield, and controlled moisture deficit (70–85% ETc) further increases water use efficiency and fruit quality. The combined use of methods allows achieving a balanced ratio between vegetative and generative development, improving crown illumination and reducing the labour intensity of pruning. Conclusions. Effective regulation of apple tree growth in intensive plantings is achieved through the integration of biological, mechanical and physiological factors. The most effective combination is slow-growing rootstocks with retardants and mechanical techniques (root pruning, shoot bending). The use of controlled moisture deficit not only inhibits vegetative growth but also improves fruit quality and the water-saving potential of the orchard. The generalisations obtained are of practical importance for the development of adaptive apple cultivation technologies in the context of climate change. | ||
| Key words | apple tree, intensive plantings, growth regulation, low-growing rootstocks, retardants, root pruning, ringing, сontrolled deficit irrigation, crown pruning | ||