Uman National University | today: 12/25/2025
| Author(s) |
Литвиненко О. Б., , , Zamorskyi V.V., Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, , Uman National University of Horticulture, Ukraine |
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| Category | The Agronomy | ||
| year | 2025 | issue | Issue 107 part 1 |
| pages | 78-83 | index UDK | 634.11:634.1-15:634.1.055:634.1.076 | DOI | 10.32782/2415-8240-2025-107-1-78-83 (Link) |
| Abstract | Under the conditions of the Uman National University, a study of the photosynthetic potential of new immune apple varieties was conducted. An analysis of the anatomical parameters of apple shoots and leaf veins depending on the variety and crown formation is presented. Original data on measurements of the bark, phloem, xylem, and phloem vessels of shoots of immune apple varieties, as well as the width of leaf veins and their phloem, and the thickness of the leaf blade, are presented. Significant inter-varietal and inter-form differences were established. We studied three immune apple varieties: Florina, Red Topaz, and Modi, which were grown on M.9 rootstock and had two crown shapes: “gruzbek” and “French axis.” We analyzed the anatomical parameters of shoots (bark, phloem, xylem, phloem vessels) and leaf veins (vein width, phloem, leaf thickness) in the varieties “Modi”, “Red Topaz” and “Florina” in the crown forms ‘Gruzbek’ and “French axis” were analyzed. The largest values of the cross-sectional area of the phloem of one-year-old apple shoots were determined in the Modie and Florina varieties with a French axis crown formation. Another studied variety, Red Topaz, differed in smaller phloem sizes and had the smallest parameters for both crown forms (1012-1040 µk), which was not significant at the NIR05 = 68 µk level. It should be noted that the Modi and Florina varieties differed significantly in terms of larger phloem sizes for different crown forms, and higher values were obtained for the “French axis” formation. The parameters of the bark, which plays an important role in the morphogenetic processes of shoots, were found to be the highest in the varieties studied when forming the “French axis.” The Florina variety stood out with the thickest bark, while the Red Topaz variety had the thinnest bark. Thus, the most optimal anatomical parameters determined on the cross-section of a one-year-old apple tree shoot were characterized by the Modi, Red Topaz, and Florina varieties during the formation of the “French axis” crown. Analysis of leaf blade thickness also shows different reactions among the varieties studied. The Modi variety was characterized by an increase in leaf blade thickness from 220 µm (“Gruzbek”) to 551 µm (“French Axe”), indicating higher leaf massiveness in the vertical form. The difference (331 µk) significantly exceeds the NIR₀₅ (8.4 µk). The pomological apple variety Red Topaz showed less significant changes – 222 µk (“Gruzbek”) and 240 µk (“French axis”), and the difference is within the NIR₀₅. Another immune variety, Florina, differed in significantly greater leaf thickness in the “French axis” crown shape (402 µk) compared to “Gruzbek” (215 µk). The difference (187 µk) was found to be significant. Thus, in the Modi and Florina varieties, the vertical crown shape contributes to the formation of thicker leaves, which may be associated with more intense lighting of the upper part of the crown The anatomical parameters of shoots and leaves significantly depend on the variety and crown shape. The Florina variety forms the most developed leading tissues, which ensures better transport capacity. The Red Topaz pomological variety had the least developed anatomical structures, which may affect its photosynthetic potential. The “French axis” formation system has a positive effect on the development of conducting tissues. The anatomical structure of the leaves confirms inter-varietal differences and the response to different crown architectures. | ||
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