Uman National University | today: 06/27/2025
| Author(s) |
Костецький В. В., , , Костецький О. В., , , |
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|---|---|---|---|
| Category | The Agronomy | ||
| year | 2025 | issue | Issue 106 Part 1 |
| pages | 537-543 | index UDK | 632.7:595.7(477.44) | DOI | 10.32782/2415-8240-2025-106-1-537-543 (Link) |
| Abstract | The article presents the results of a three-year study (2022–2024) conducted under field conditions in the agrocenoses of Pykivets village, Uman district, Cherkasy region. The aim was to investigate the species composition and abundance of soil-dwelling and aboveground phytophagous insects in soybean and sunflower crops under modern climate change conditions. Based on meteorological data indicating rising average temperatures and precipitation deficits, it was established that such climatic fluctuations affect the structure of entomocomplexes and stimulate the activity of a number of polyphagous pests. Weather anomalies, including spring frosts, summer heatwaves, and droughts, were key factors influencing the phytosanitary status of crops and the phenological activity of pests. The soil arthropod fauna was dominated by wireworm larvae of Agriotes sputator L. and Agriotes lineatus L., accounting for 30 % and 30.5 % of all collected phytophages, respectively. Other soil pests included the sugar beet weevil (Bothynoderes punctiventris) (up to 1.6 ind./m²), the Lethrus beetle (Lethrus apterus Laxm.) with 2.1–4.3 burrows/m², and the darkling beetle Blaps lethifera Marsh., emerging from diapause in the second decade of April. Early plant development stages were especially affected by cutworm larvae (Agrotis segetum), false wireworms, and adult Lethrus apterus. Among aboveground phytophages, the most abundant were the cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora), alfalfa plant bug (Adelphocoris lineolatus), and two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae), with population dynamics varying depending on weather conditions and crop phenology. It was found that high temperatures, droughts, and spring frosts had a significant impact on pest development. The role of predatory ground beetles (Carabidae), which comprised more than 60 % of the total carabid fauna, was highlighted in shaping entomocomplexes and in the biological regulation of pest populations. The findings emphasize the need to consider climatic changes when developing integrated pest management systems for soybean and sunflower crops, as well as the importance of continuous pest monitoring, adaptation of phytosanitary strategies to current agro-environmental conditions, and conservation of entomophages as natural regulators. | ||
| Key words | Herpetobiont pests, sunflower, soybean, climate change, agrocenosis, entomofauna | ||