Uman NUH | today: 12/21/2024
| Author(s) | Стоцький В. В., , , | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | The Agronomy | ||
| year | 2024 | issue | Issue 105 part 1 |
| pages | 312-323 | index UDK | 631.559+664.64.016:633.15:631.816 | DOI | 10.32782/2415-8240-2024-105-1-312-323 (Link) |
| Abstract | The aim – to establish the formation of yield and quality of corn grain under different types and doses of fertilizers. Methods. Field, measurement, calculation and comparative, analysis, statistical. Results. On average, over three years of research, the yield increases from 10.36 to 14.73 t/ha depending on the experimental variant. With the application of N80, this indicator increases to 13.53 t/ha or by 31 % compared to areas without fertilizers. In the variant with a double dose of nitrogen fertilizers, the yield is 14.38 t/ha or more by 39 %. It should be noted that the yield is only 6 % higher compared to the application of N80. With the application of half of the full mineral fertilizer, the yield increases to 13.84 t/ha or by 34 % compared to the control. With the application of complete mineral fertilizer, it increases to 14.73 t/ha or by 42 %. It should be noted that the yield is only 2 % higher compared to nitrogen systems. The yield of corn grain when grown on a nitrogen-potassium, nitrogen-phosphorus system and with incomplete return of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is at the level of the option with complete return of nutrients. The use of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers has the least effect on corn yield. Both on average and over the years of research, the yield increases insignificantly compared to the option without fertilizers. On average, over three years of research, the starch content in corn grain decreased due to fertilizer application. Thus, in the option without fertilizers, its content is 71.8 %, and when growing corn on systems containing a nitrogen component it decreases to 70.9–71.4 %. The use of fertilizer significantly affects the formation of protein content in corn grain. Thus, on average, over three years, the protein content increases from 6.5 to 8.3 % with the application of N80 and up to 8.6 % in the N160 variant. The use of the highest dose of nitrogen fertilizers with different returns of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers contributes to an increase in the protein content to 9.1–9.2 %, which indicates synergism between the main nutrients. Conclusions. The yield and quality of corn grain significantly varies depending on the types and doses of fertilizers, the level of manifestation of which is determined by weather conditions. In the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe, it is advisable to use N80P30K55, which ensures the formation of 11.82–15.72 t/ha of grain with a starch content of 70.7–72.1 %, its yield – 8.42–11.11 t/ha, protein content – 7.1–9.2 %, its yield – 0.84–1.45 t/ha. | ||
| Key words | fertilization systems, productivity, protein content, starch content, fat content | ||