Uman NUH | today: 12/21/2024

Improvement of sunflower fertilization system in the conditions of the Pasmove Pobuzhia region

Author(s) Баранський Д. В., , ,
Category The Agronomy
year 2024 issue Issue 105 part 1
pages 58-72 index UDK 631.8:633.85(477.83)
DOI 10.32782/2415-8240-2024-105-1-58-72 (Link)
Abstract Aims. Aspects of the mineral nutrition of sunflower with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur in the new growing conditions in the Western Forest Steppe, where the flushing and semi-flushing mode of moistening, have not been studied. Methods. During 2023–2024, experiments on sunflower fertilization norms, types, and forms of mineral fertilizers were conducted at the experimental field of Lviv National University of Nature Management, located in the physical-geographical region of the Pasmovo Pobuzhia. The purpose of the research is to determine the effect of mineral fertilizers on soil agrochemical indicators and sunflower yield. The soil is dark grey podzolic loamy, with low humus content (Greyic Luvic Phaeozem). Traditional field research methods and standard laboratory analysis techniques were used. Results and conclusions. When mineral fertilizers were applied at a rate of N60P60K60 (in the form of nitroammophoska during pre-sowing cultivation), sunflower yielded 3.73 t/ha of grain on the studied soil in the Pasmovo Pobuzhia region. This result can be explained by the presence of 123 and 125 mg/kg of easily hydrolyzable nitrogen, 89 and 68 mg/kg of available phosphorus, and 103 and 75 mg/kg of exchangeable potassium in the soil during the leaf formation and flowering phases, respectively. Row fertilization during sowing at rates of N2.2P10.1+S1.1 and N4,4P20,2+S2,2 using ammonium phosphate or N2,2P9,4+S1 and N4,4P18,8+S2 using microgranulated fertilizer, without baseline fertilization, resulted in a decrease in sunflower yield to levels of 3.23–3.59 t/ha. Microgranulated fertilizer applied in rows increased grain yield by 0.23 t/ha compared to ammonium phosphate at equivalent application rates. The reduction in yield occurred against the backdrop of a noticeable decrease in easily hydrolyzable nitrogen reserves to 109–117 mg/kg, available phosphorus to 60–69 mg/kg, and exchangeable potassium to 65–74 mg/kg in the soil, compared to the balanced baseline fertilization rate of N60P60K60. The application of baseline fertilization (N60P60K60) combined with row fertilization during sowing at rates of N2,2P10,1+S1,1 and N4,4P20,2+S2,2 using ammonium phosphate or N2,2P9,4+S1 and N4,4P18,8+S2 using microgranulated fertilizer resulted in a grain yield increase to 3.83–4.35 t/ha, which is 0.10–0.62 t/ha higher than the traditional control. The highest sunflower grain yield of 4.35 t/ha was achieved with a combined fertilization system of N60P60K60 (nitroammophoska before sowing) and N4,4P18,8+S2 microgranulated fertilizer applied at sowing. The best agrochemical indicators of soil fertility provided the highest yield in the experiment. The largest reserves of easily hydrolyzable nitrogen during the flowering phase were 138 mg/kg of soil, available phosphorus was 98 mg/kg, and exchangeable potassium reached 109 mg/kg during the leaf formation phase. Statistical modeling of relationships showed a strong correlation between sunflower grain yield and soil fertility indicators.
Key words easily hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, sulfur, microgranulated fertilizer, sunflower.
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