Uman NUH | today: 12/22/2024
| Author(s) |
Ryabovol L.O., Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Professor of Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Uman National University of Horticulture, Ukraine Ryabovol Y.S., , postgraduate, Uman National University of Horticulture, Ukraine Федоренко С. В., , , Фесько М. В., , , |
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| Category | The Agronomy | ||
| year | 2024 | issue | Issue number 104. Part 1 |
| pages | 226-232 | index UDK | 631.527.581.143:633.11 | DOI | 10.32782/2415-8240-2024-104-1-226-232 (Link) |
| Abstract | Soft winter wheat is a self-pollinated crop, so its hybridization is accompanied by high barriers of incompatibility and non-settling of seeds. Postgamous incompatibility, which occurs after fertilization and by nature, can be genetic and physiological, can be partially eliminated by the use of biotechnological methods involving the cultivation of a hybrid embryo in isolated cultures. During the hybridization of soft winter wheat, a small amount of seeds is usually formed in the ear. The obtained grains are incomplete, deformed, low viability. During germination, they have low germination energy and germination. In the field, such seeds may not germinate in the absence of necessary nutrients in the endosperm or sterility. The purpose of the research was to improve the technology of preservation of seed material obtained by intraspecific hybridization for the expansion of the genetic diversity of soft winter wheat samples for use in the selection scheme of isolated embryo culture. The research was conducted during 2022–2024 in the educational and scientific laboratory of biotechnology and at the experimental sites of the Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology of the Uman National University of Horticulture. In the scheme of diallel crossings, the varieties Shchedrist Odeska, Zolotokolosa, Favoritka, Kryzhinka, Zorepad, Patras, Matrix, Dagmar, Fronteras were used. In the course of research, it was found that during the hybridization of soft winter wheat in the vast majority of crossing combinations, an insignificant amount of seeds is formed in the ear. It has been confirmed that for the germination of deformed, small seeds obtained by intraspecific hybridization of geographically distant forms, it is effective to use in vitro culture. The use of an isolated culture of mature embryos ensures an increase in seed germination and the production of seedlings on average by genotypes at the level of 62.8 %. The similarity of the seeds depends significantly on the genotype of the original parental components. It was established that the hybrid seeds obtained in combinations of crossings in which samples with the wheat-rye translocation 1AL/1RS were used as the mother form have significantly higher germination rates than those with the 1BL/1RS translocation. | ||
| Key words | soft winter wheat, genotype, seed germination, initial parental components, culture of mature embryos, wheat-rye translocations 1AL/1RS and 1BL/1RS. | ||