Uman NUH | today: 07/08/2024
| Author(s) | Кадуріна А. О., , , | ||
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| year | 2024 | issue | Issue number 104. Part 1 |
| pages | 217-225 | index UDK | 721.03 | DOI | 10.32782/2415-8240-2024-104-1-217-225 (Link) |
| Abstract | Purpose of the research is to study the history and symbolism of grottoes, in particular in the garden and park art of Odessa. Scientific research uses methods of bibliographic and natural research, historical method, methods of analogies, synthesis and analysis. The word "grot" comes from the French "grotte" (which in turn comes from the Italian "grotta"), which means "cave". Grottoes have come to us since ancient times and have always been associated with something mysterious and even mystical. Even in the consciousness of primitive man, the grotto was perceived as a connecting link with the underground world, an entrance to the secret, to the twilight. First of all, the cave symbolized the womb of the Earth, the place where new life is born. It was believed that the grotto is a symbolic meeting place between the divine and the ordinary, human. The cave appeared in the imagination of people as the center of the whole world, its heart. Grottoes were considered sacred places, and therefore they needed appropriate decoration, that is, rock paintings and sculptures. The decoration of caves and grottoes became one of the first stages of man's knowledge of beauty and awareness of his desire to beautify the environment. In historical retrospect, the grottoes represented: - in Antiquity – sacred places, nymphaeums, and grottoes for predictions; a symbol of mystery and the afterlife. - In the Renaissance grottoes represented complex garden structures with many sculptures, made of natural stones, with an emphasis on water devices; symbolized the relationship between nature and man, as the researcher and the subject of research; - In the Baroque grotto-rooms were arranged, with paintings, rich sculptural and clay decor, with a mythopoetic content orientation. - In the period of Classicism grottoes are pavilions or artificial caves with "stalactites", shells, mosaics, frescoes and sculptures, which most often revealed the symbolism of ancient myths; - In the gardens of the Romantic period grottoes are natural, gloomy stone structures for reflection, which symbolized the cause of the highest of human feelings - melancholy. In Odessa, grottos can be seen in: Istanbul Park – Diana's grotto, a symbol of mystery, intuitive femininity, and several grottoes in Victory Park – a symbol of seclusion and mystery. The primary function of the grottoes is the high-quality functioning of the water system in the parks, the secondary function is decorative and recreational. Today, the grottoes give the parks an atmosphere of naturalness and picturesqueness. They act as places for a comfortable rest, serve as an ideal background for photo zones, and give visitors a sense of harmony and relaxation. And especially sensual people can feel, sitting in them, the full depth of their symbolism and plunge their thoughts into ancient times. | ||
| Key words | . grottoes, history, symbols, parks, Odessa, Ukraine, Istanbul Park, Victory Park | ||