Uman NUH | today: 07/08/2024
| Author(s) |
Zamorskyi V.V., Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, , Uman National University of Horticulture, Ukraine Литвиненко О. Б., , , |
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| Category | The Agronomy | ||
| year | 2024 | issue | Issue number 104. Part 1 |
| pages | 243-248 | index UDK | 634.11:634.1-15:634.1.055:634.1.076 | DOI | 10.32782/2415-8240-2024-104-1-243-248 (Link) |
| Abstract | Scab and powdery mildew are the biggest enemies of apple trees. New varieties are more profitable to grow than conventional ones. The Institute of Horticulture of the Ukrainian Academy of Agrarian Sciences has developed immune varieties. There is no need to spend money on fungicides, and the first harvests will be in the third year after planting. Malusha is the first to bear fruit. She is followed by Palanka, Nastia, Dozhnytsia, and Kopanya. The last to bear fruit are Dmiana, Solomiya, Todes, and Berehynia. There is also a new apple variety, Zlata, which is completely resistant to powdery mildew. However, there is no protection against scab. The immune apple varieties Florina, Red Topaz and Modi were studied for cultivation on rootstock M.9 and different crown shapes. Field, laboratory and mathematical statistics methods were used in the research. Phytometric observations were made according to the method of M.O. Bublyk. Statistical data processing was performed by analysis of variance. Horticultural researchers have established the dependence of growth and development indicators on the shape of the crown of apple trees. The stem diameter indicators obtained in our studies are shown in Table 1. The analysis of the data in the table shows that the use of the crown formation of the “gruzbek” type significantly increased such an indicator as the diameter of the stem of apple trees of different immune apple varieties. During the period of research, a significant difference in the diameter of the stem was observed between some varieties. Thus, the largest diameter was noted in the variety Florina for the formation of the crown of the “gruzbek” type. The smallest values of bole diameter were observed in the variety Modi: 34.1 mm (crown formation “French axis”) – 37.3 (crown formation “gruzbek”) Such data obtained by us indicate a rather significant influence of the crown shape on the bole of apple trees, which can be confirmed in the studies of other authors. In our research, we found that, on average, during the period of our observations, the yield was highest in the variants using the immune variety Florina for both crown forms – 20.4–23.2 t/ha. In the other two varieties, the yield was at the same level, although the Modi variety was more productive than the “gruzbek” formation. The crown shape of the “gruzbek” type significantly increased the yield of the apple tree in all variants of the experiment. On the basis of computer mathematical processing of the obtained results of our research, it was found that regardless of the variants, the shape of the crown was a determining factor in the yield of the apple tree. It has been established that the crown shape and immune pomological variety are the main factors in the formation of the bole diameter and in the realization of productive potential in the form of yield. | ||
| Key words | apple tree, crown formation, immune varieties | ||