Uman NUH | today: 12/22/2024
| Author(s) |
Zamorskyi V.V., Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, , Uman National University of Horticulture, Ukraine Ларіонов О. В., , , |
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| Category | The Agronomy | ||
| year | 2024 | issue | Issue number 104. Part 1 |
| pages | 309-314 | index UDK | 634.11:634.1-15:634.1.055:634.1.076 | DOI | 10.32782/2415-8240-2024-104-1-309-314 (Link) |
| Abstract | When growing stone fruit plantations, an in-depth study of original modern crown designs for sweet cherry trees on vegetative rootstocks is necessary to identify the most suitable pruning dates.The sweet cherry trees were planted in 2014 with a row spacing of 4.5 m and a row spacing of 2 m. The variety Vasilina was grown on three types of rootstocks: Gisela-5, VSL and Colt. The experiment was replicated three times. The experiment was placed by the systematic method. The soil content is black steam. The fertilization system corresponds to the generally accepted technology. Field, laboratory and mathematical statistics methods were used in the research. Phytometric observations were made according to known methods. The sweet cherry fruit yield was recorded by counting the number of fruits on the tree and then multiplying by the average weight of the berry. It was obtained by weighing 100 sweet cherry berries from each variant. Statistical data processing was performed by analysis of variance. We found that the difference in sweet cherry growth ranged from 47.1 to 84.1 cm. The analysis shows that in 2023, the shoots were shorter than in 2022, when optimal conditions for their growth were maintained during the growing season. Weak growth (up to 47.1 cm) was characterized by the pomological variety Vasilina when applying summer pruning terms on all types of rootstocks. The obtained results of the length of shoots of sweet cherry pomological variety Vasilina when grown on clonal rootstocks were processed by the method of analysis of variance. The results show that there is a significant difference between the variants of the experiment. In this case, the effect of factor A (rootstock type) was small and was in the range of 14.7–13.9 %. Along with this, the effect of the term of pruning of sweet cherry trees on the length of shoots was more significant and was recorded in the range of 82.0–82.8 %. Our experiments in the conditions of Uman showed that the measured diameter of the stem generally depended on the type of vegetative rootstock and, to a much lesser extent, on the time of pruning. A detailed analysis of the data presented in Table 2 showed that the diameter of the stem of sweet cherry trees generally depended on the type of rootstock. The highest values of this indicator were obtained in the plantations of the pomological variety Vasilina on the rootstock Colt. In the spring of 2022, the stem diameter on the Gisela rootstock was 69.5–70.3 mm, while on the VSL-2 rootstock it was 54.0–60.2 mm. During the research, we determined the influence of rootstock and pruning time on the yield of sweet cherry trees of the Vasilina variety. A detailed analysis of the obtained indicators gives every reason to assert that the yield of sweet cherry plantations of the pomological variety Vasilina on rootstocks Gisela-5, VSL-2 and Colt differed by years. It was the highest in 2023. Regarding the significant influence of the rootstock type, it should be noted that sweet cherry plantations on VSL-2 rootstock were characterized by higher yields than on Gisela-5 and Colt rootstocks. The smallest significant difference between the studied variants was within 0.2 t/ha, which indicates a significant difference between the identified variants. The influence of the factor “type of rootstock” was in the range of 46.8–77.0 %. | ||
| Key words | sweet cherries, rootstocks, pruning dates | ||