Uman NUH | today: 12/21/2024
| Author(s) | Штірбу А., , , | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | The Agronomy | ||
| year | 2023 | issue | Issue number 103. Part 1 |
| pages | 94-103 | index UDK | 634.8.044 | DOI | 10.32782/2415-8240-2023-103-1-94-103 (Link) |
| Abstract | Aim. To investigate how feeding area, plant form, and shoot position affect yield and productivity in a vineyard, and also to establish effective parameters for the vine training system in Steppe environments. Methods. The research was conducted at the NSC “V.Ye. Tairov IV&W” experimental plots from 2016 to 2020. The field two-way experiment of 2 × 4 was applied to study the effect of two feeding area variants (3 × 1.5 m; 3 × 1 m) and four vine training systems (when the horizontal cordon is located at the height of 0.4 m, 0.8 m, 1.2 m, 1.6 m) on the yield and productivity of vineyard of Zahrei wine grape cultivar (Vitis vinifera L.). Results. In Steppe environments, an increased level of yield was established in vineyards with a feeding area of 3 × 1 m, compared to 3 × 1.5 m. The yield of more dense plantings on average varies from 11.1 to 14.1 t/ha, while the yield of less dense plantings varies from 8.2 to 12.9 t/ha depending on the height of the vine cordon. The highest yield values were established when the cordon was located at a height of 1.2 m in plantations with a feeding area of 3 x 1 m, and at a height of 0.8 m – 3 × 1.5 m. Increased vineyard density increases labor costs for technological processes. Their total volume at 3 × 1 m feeding area varies from 711 to 946 man-hours/ha, and at 3 × 1.5 m – it decreases to 547–780 man-hours/ha. Increased vineyard yield variants require an average of 61–62 man-hours for the creation of 1 ton of grapes. The application of other investigated parameters of the training system increases labor costs by 3.2–24.2 % at 3 × 1 m feeding area, and by 1.6–14.7 % at 3 × 1.5 m. Conclusions. The vine training, as the main element of grapevine cultivation technology, significantly affect the yield and productivity of vineyards. System parameters need to be optimized depending on agro-ecological environments and cultivars. In semi-arid environments of the Steppe under cultivation of the wine cultivar of the new selection Zahrei, the increased levels of yield and productivity of vineyards are established under the following parameters of the vine training system: feeding area 3 × 1 m; horizontal cordon vines form at a height of 1.2 m; free-growing shoots in the position. | ||
| Key words | grape, vine, training system, yield, productivity | ||