Uman NUH | today: 12/25/2024
| Author(s) |
Balabak A.F., Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, , Uman National University of Horticulture, Ukraine Гребенюк В. М., , , |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | |||
| year | 2023 | issue | Issue number 103. Part 1 |
| pages | 172-181 | index UDK | 581.6 | DOI | 10.32782/2415-8240-2023-103-1-172-181 (Link) |
| Abstract | The experimental part of the work was carried out during 2021–2023 in the vegetation and laboratory conditions of the Department of Gardening of the Uman National University of Horticulture, as well as in the nurseries of the National Arboretum "Sofiyivka" of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and Brusvyana LLC. The research material was based on black chokeberry varieties that are promising for use in landscaping of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine – Amit, Aron, Viking, Vsevslav, Halychanka, Nero, and Khugin, On the basis of phenological observations during the growing seasons of 2021–2023, a phenospectral analysis of the growth and development rhythms of the studied cultivars of black chokeberry in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine was carried out. It has been proved that the phenological development of plants of black chokeberry varieties is a natural alternation and annual repetition of the phenocycles of vegetation and dormancy, shoot growth and its completion, appearance and fall of leaves, flowering, ripening of fruits and seeds. Within the cycles, there is a sequential passage of phenological phases of growth and development of individual organs, characterized by pronounced external morphological changes in growth, flowering, fruiting, etc. It has been proved that phenological observations of the growth and development of plants of the studied varieties of black chokeberry should begin after the average daily temperature passes through plus 5°C. The beginning of the vegetation period is observed at an average daily temperature of 7–8°C, and for the successful passage of the phenological phase of "flowering" the average daily air temperature should be 14–15°C, "fruiting" – 22–24°C. The best agro-ecological conditions for plants are in mid-May: uniform warm rains, daytime air temperature of 22–24°C, and average daily temperature of 14–16°C. The vegetation period of the plants of the studied varieties of black chokeberry under agroecological conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine is on average 202–206 days, and the period of shoot growth lasts 153–165 days. At the end of the growing season, the plants are in the phenological phase of "dormancy", which lasts an average of 150–155 days. After deep dormancy, the plants resume vegetation only if there is sufficient exposure to active positive temperatures. On the basis of studying the biomorphological features of growth and development of uterine plants of black chokeberry varieties in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, the biological features of their cultivation as an ornamental, forest and fruit crop were studied. The beginning and ending dates of such phases as dormancy, bud swelling (vegetative), bud cracking, linear shoot growth, flowering, fruit formation and ripening, and leaf fall were determined. The studied varieties, taking into account their decorative properties and biological characteristics, durability, shoot growth rate, resistance to adverse environmental and anthropogenic factors, are suitable for use in green building of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine and the creation of durable tapeworm or group plantings. | ||
| Key words | black chokeberry, introduction, variety, mother plants, landscaping, decorative properties, rooting, cuttings, regeneration ability | ||