Uman NUH | today: 12/22/2024
| Author(s) |
Кіщак О. А., , , Кіщак Ю. П., , , |
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|---|---|---|---|
| Category | The Agronomy | ||
| year | 2023 | issue | Issue number 102. Part 1 |
| pages | 64-73 | index UDK | 634.23:631.52:631.96 | DOI | 10.32782/2415-8240-2023-102-1-64-73 (Link) |
| Abstract | Goal was to selected sweet cherry orchards constructions on the low-headed clonal rootstocks which along side the stable yield would provide high products marketable quality. Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical. Results. The highest marketability level appeared to be ensured in the orchards with the cultivars of the middle-late and late ripening terms, including Talisman, Krupnoplidna, Annushka and Regina. The fruits according to their parameters met the requirement of the State Standard 01.1-37-165:2004 in all the investigated orchards constructions. The highest incides of the homodimension andproducts marketability were provided in young orchards on the middle rootstock VSL-2 in the first years after the trees had begun fruit-bearing where the average fruits mass 15,5 – 15,8 g with the transverse diameter 33 – 34 mm. That exceded considerably the requirements of the global trade networks (more than 28 mm). In the orchards on the clonal rootstocks beginning from the five-year age the fruits size decreases gradually depending significally on the rootstock vigour. The average fruit massof the eight year trees on the middle rootstocks VSL-2 and Gisela 6 reduced by 1,2 – 1,3 times as compared to the five year trees while on the semi-dwarf rootstock Gisela 5 the fruit average mass decrease was almost twice larger. The study of different methods of the sweet cherry trees formation and pruning showed that the fruit size did not depend on the formation way. Even the highest degree of pruning in the variants with the spindle – like crowns under the trees load with fruits less be 2,2 – 2,6 times did not ensure the fruits mass increase. Conclusions. The high productive orchards on the middle rootstocks VSL-2 and Gisela 6 were selected which provided the high products marketability (89,3 – 92,9%) during the productive period of their use and the rates of their fruits size reduction were almost two times less than on the semi-dwarf rootstock Gisela 5. The influence of the crown form and trees pruning extent on the sweet cherry fruits size was not revealed. | ||
| Key words | sweet cherry, orchard constructions, crown form, clonal rootstocks, marketability, products quality, fruit mass. | ||