Uman NUH | today: 12/22/2024
| Author(s) |
Ткачук О. П., , , Дідур І. М., , , Мазур О. В., , , |
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|---|---|---|---|
| Category | The Agronomy | ||
| year | 2023 | issue | Issue number 102. Part 1 |
| pages | 54-63 | index UDK | 631.53.01/631.95 | DOI | 10.32782/2415-8240-2023-102-1-54-63 (Link) |
| Abstract | The prerequisites for the further increase in the productivity of soybean seeds in Ukraine under intensive farming and extreme weather conditions are the cultivation of several varieties of different maturity groups on farms. The indicators of productivity, harvest quality, manufacturability and resistance to adverse environmental conditions should be the determining factor in the structural distribution between groups of soybean varieties by maturity period. The goal is to analyze the groups of soybean varieties according to precociousness according to indicators of environmental friendliness, cultivation technology, resistance to adverse growing conditions, yield level and protein and fat content in seeds, which will allow to recommend the optimal structural distribution between varieties of different groups of maturity in Ukraine. The research was carried out by processing the State Register of plant varieties which are suitable for distribution in Ukraine for 2022. All groups of soybean varieties are recommended for cultivation in Ukraine, included in the register, were evaluated for seed yield, resistance to diseases, adverse weather conditions, in particular drought, plant dormancy, and seed shedding. Among the maturity groups of soybeans, the most numerous are mid-early ripening varieties, which make up 56 % of all varieties. The group of early-ripening varieties in the structure occupies 25 %, medium-ripening – 1 1%, ultra-early – 6 %, and varieties of the medium-late-ripening group are the least numerous – 2 % or only 4 varieties. The highest yield of seeds in Ukraine is noted for mid-early ripening soybean varieties – 2.73 t/ha. These are the varieties of this group that should be the main ones in the structure of soybeans in Ukraine. The highest protein content in seeds is found in ultra-early varieties – 40.7 %, fat – in medium-ripening varieties – 21.6 %. Ultra-early and medium-late soybean varieties are characterized with the highest resistance to plant lodging, seed shedding, drought and diseases. Therefore, ultra-early and medium-late varieties should complement medium-early varieties of soybeans. The share of early-ripening and medium-ripening ones should be the smallest. | ||
| Key words | soybean, groups of varieties, ripeness, productivity, quality, technological indicators, ecological characteristics | ||