Uman NUH | today: 12/22/2024
| Author(s) |
Barabash L.V., , , Uman National University of Horticulture, Ukraine Ролінський О. В., , , |
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|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Economics | ||
| year | 2022 | issue | Issue number 101. Part 2 |
| pages | 263-274 | index UDK | 336.2: 336.1:352(477) | DOI | 10.32782/2415-8240-2022-101-2-263-274 (Link) |
| Abstract | The functioning of the tax system of Ukraine is aimed at achieving appropriate performance indicators, in particular fiscal efficiency and tax elasticity. An important role in this is played by taxes and fees operating at different levels of the budget system, in particular at the level of budgets of local self-government bodies. It is this local dimension that creates the basis for both the effectiveness of taxation and the socio-economic development of the state. The local level of the tax system of Ukraine is ensured by the system of local taxation. Moreover, it should be considered in a broad sense, that is, taking into account not only local taxes and fees, but also all taxes and payments that form tax revenues for the budgets of local self-government bodies. After Ukraine gained independence, the system of local taxation went through three stages in its development. The first, which lasted from 1992 to 2000, led to the presence in the local taxation system of indirect taxes – VAT and excise duty, as well as directiveness and centralization of decisions on the amount of taxes that went to local budgets. They were determined by Councils of People's Deputies of the highest level. Thus, significant amounts of funds did not go to lower-level budgets, and the fiscal efficiency of tax revenues of local budgets was marked by a decrease in the result: from 9.9 % by 1992 to 6.7 % by 2000. The elasticity of taxes during this period was significantly lower than indicator 1. In the second stage (2001–2010), the first Budget Code (2001) was adopted, as a result of which the composition of local budgets was revised and the list of taxes was reduced by excluding indirect taxes from tax revenues of local budgets. The indicator of fiscal efficiency during this period increased from 1.1 % in 2001 to 7.2 % in 2010. The indicator of tax elasticity stabilized to some extent. The third stage of the development of the local taxation system was marked by the entry into force of the second Budget Code (2010) and the Tax Code (2011), as well as the decentralization reform. As a result of such changes, the emphasis on the receipt of funds has shifted to the budgets of local self-government bodies, and the property tax and the single tax are included in the list of local taxes and fees. There was also an adjustment of the direction of individual national taxes. As a result, the budget revenues of local self-government bodies increased from UAH 86.5 billion in 2011 to UAH 378.0 billion in 2021, tax revenues increased from UAH 73.1 billion to UAH 346.7 billion, and the fiscal efficiency indicator increased from 5.6 % at the beginning of the period to 6.4 % at the end. The elasticity index was also mostly equal to and greater than 1. At the same time, local self-government budgets still feel a lack of financial resources to fulfill expenditure obligations, and therefore it is necessary to distinguish the tax system of Ukraine at the state and local levels, giving local self-government bodies the opportunity to set taxes in accordance with the potential and capabilities of the territories. | ||
| Key words | tax system of Ukraine, local taxation system, tax revenues, budgets of local self-government bodies, local budgets, fiscal efficiency, tax elasticity | ||