Uman NUH | today: 12/21/2024
| Author(s) |
Андрющенко А. М., , , Довгань О. М., , , |
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|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Economics | ||
| year | 2022 | issue | Issue number 100. Part 2 |
| pages | 66-73 | index UDK | 631.15:633.1(477):355.01(470+477)«20» | DOI | 10.31395/2415-8240-2022-100-2-66-73 (Link) |
| Abstract | Ukraine's grain industry is one of the most dynamic and highly profitable sectors of the national economy. Over the last ten years, the increase in yield is the only reason for the increase in gross harvests of cereals and legumes in Ukraine, which indicates the use of intensive production technologies. Improving the economic efficiency of production and ever-increasing global demand for grain are the main reasons for the growth of profitability of the grain industry of Ukraine. Over the past five years, the absolute volume of sales of Ukrainian grain products for export increased by almost 20 %, reaching 50.8 million tons in 2021, and revenue from its sales in the reporting period amounted to 12.3 billion dollars. Prior to the open phase of the russian-ukrainian war, Ukrainian grain exports to the world market were mainly due to maritime transport logistics. In Ukraine, it is represented by the five largest ports – «South» (Odesa region), Mykolaiv, Odessa, Chornomorskyi and Mariupol. Their capacity exceeds 30 million tons of grain in 6 months. However, the use of Ukrainian seaports is currently impossible due to hostilities and russia's blockade of transport corridors in the Azov and Black Seas. For the export of Ukrainian grain products there are only opportunities for land transport logistics represented by the facilities of JSC «Ukrzaliznytsia» and 12 terminals on the western border of Ukraine. Their capacity is insufficient, as it does not exceed 1 million tons of grain per month, but there are technical possibilities to increase this figure to 5 million tons. Among the most promising opportunities for the development of logistics chains in the western direction is the transit of Ukrainian grain through Poland to seaports in Lithuania. According to current forecasts, the planned harvest of cereals and legumes should not only cover Ukraine's domestic needs in relevant products, but also ensure exports. | ||
| Key words | grain industry, war, intensification, prices, exports, ports, blockade, railway, Poland, Lithuania, domestic supply | ||