Uman NUH | today: 12/22/2024
| Author(s) |
Hospodarenko G.M., Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Uman National University of Horticulture, Ukraine Cherno O.D., Candidate of Agricultural Science, Associate Professor of Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Uman National University of Horticulture, Ukraine Martynyuk A.T., Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, , Uman National University of Horticulture, Ukraine |
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| Category | The Agronomy | ||
| year | 2022 | issue | Issue 100. Part 1 |
| pages | 17-26 | index UDK | 631.811.4 : 631.811.4 | DOI | 10.31395/2415-8240-2022-100-1-17-26 (Link) |
| Abstract | One of the factors of soil degradation is acidification, which is manifested even in chernozems that have a close to neutral or neutral in nature reaction of the soil solution. Therefore, obtaining objective data on changes in acid-base properties of individual subtypes of soils at different doses of lime and fertilizer systems in long-term stationary field experiments is relevant. The aim of the research was to establish the effect of liming in combination with different types and doses of mineral fertilizers on the main indicators of acid-base properties of podzolic chernozem and calcium balance in field crop rotation. The study was conducted in a stationary experiment (certificate NAAS № 86), laid on the research field of Uman National University of Horticulture with geographical coordinates of 48°46 56,47'' north latitude and 30°14' 48,51'' east longitude. The total dose of lime was calculated by the level of metabolic acidity. A single dose of defect containing 60 % CaCO3 was 9.0 t/ha. The balance of calcium in the soil was calculated taking into account its receipt with defect, granular superphosphate, seed material and precipitation. The expenditure part took into account the removal of calcium from the main products of crop rotation and leaching into the lower soil layers. The experiment was based on a 4-field field crop rotation (winter wheat, sugar beet, corn, peas) in three fields. Defect, in doses of 4,5 t/ha 9.0 and 13,5 t/ha was introduced for the first three crop rotation crops - winter wheat, sugar beet and corn. Against the background of liming mineral fertilizers were applied in the form of ammonium nitrate, granular superphosphate and potassium chloride. The following parameters were determined in soil samples: pHKCl; hydrolytic acidity; the content of the absorbed bases; cation exchange capacity. It was found that a single application of a high dose of lime, taking into account the long duration of action leads to an excess of calcium in the initial period, and then to a decrease in pHKCl almost to baseline. Therefore, it is more rational to maintain a pH value close to the optimum level with half doses of lime, calculated by metabolic acidity. Maintenance liming should be reused in 4–5 years. The combination of liming with the application of mineral fertilizers improves the acid-base properties of chernozem podzolic hard loam due to the reduction of metabolic and hydrolytic acidity and calcium saturation of ECO after the first rotation of crop rotation from 79 to 84–87 %. Defecation at a dose of 4,5; 9,0 and 13,5 t/ha provides the intensity of calcium balance for two rotations of 4-field crop rotation, respectively, 94–102 %, 143–162 and 183–203 % depending on the doses of mineral fertilizers, while without liming calcium balance was severely deficient with an intensity of 30–51 %. | ||
| Key words | podzolic chernozem, liming, mineral fertilizers, acid-base properties, calcium balance | ||