Uman NUH | today: 12/22/2024
| Author(s) |
Eshchenko V.O., Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Head of Department of General Agriculture, Uman National University of Horticulture, Ukraine Карнаух О. Б. , , , Usyk S.V., Candidate of Agricultural Science, , Uman National University of Horticulture, Ukraine |
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| Category | The Agronomy | ||
| year | 2020 | issue | Issue number 97. Part 1 |
| pages | 128-136 | index UDK | 631.147-048.23 | DOI | 10.31395/2415-8240-2020-97-1-128-136 (Link) |
| Abstract | Organic system of farming (better called a biological system) is an alternative to the modern intensive systems, according to which the technology of cultivated crops involves the production of environmentally healthy food for the humans and feed for farm animals. To do this, crop products must not contain any harmful chemical residues. Therefore, the use of any artificial chemicals, for example, mineral fertilizers, herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, desiccants, defoliants, etc. is prohibited in its production. The area under the organic system is increasing from year to year and by 2018 they have reached 32.4 million hectares in the world, including 7.4 million hectares in Europe, and the leaders among European countries in the production of organic products are Austria and Switzerland. In 2011, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine adopted the Law “On Organic Production”, which defines the legal, economic, social and organizational bases of organic farming. However, the area under such a system in the country so far remains insignificant, and the reason for this is the high potential clogging of our lands, which does not allow the transition to herbicide-free technologies. Below are some techniques that allow you to reduce the clogging of the fields below the threshold of its harmfulness in order to abandon herbicides as a major factor in the deterioration of phytosanitary conditions. Such methods are such a structure of the sown areas, allowing to switch to crop rotation, application of manure without weed seeds, use of improved chills instead of the usual, inclusion in the technology of spring harrowing pre-emergence and their shoots, abandonment of intermediate cultivation for late spring crops instead of spring crops, use spring May. | ||
| Key words | organic system of agriculture, conditions of introduction, clogging of crops, ways of realization | ||