Uman NUH | today: 10/14/2024
| Author(s) |
Nepochatenko Olena O., Doctor of Economics, Professor, Rector of Uman National University of Horticulture, Head of Department, Uman National University of Horticulture Vlasyuk S.A., , , Uman National University of Horticulture Bondarenko N.V., , , Uman National University of Horticulture |
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| Category | Economics | ||
| year | 2019 | issue | Issue 94. Part 2 |
| pages | 45-58 | index UDK | 504:368 | DOI | 10.31395/2415-8240-2019-94-2-45-58 (Link) |
| Abstract | The state of contamination of natural environment during the last years o territory of Ukraine is high enough. For this reason all greater actuality is acquired by the question of decision of problems of ecological insurance by adjusting of ecological processes at legislative level with participation of the state as a guarantor of providing of quality of environment. Guard of natural environment, the rational use of natural resources, providing of ecological safety of vital functions of a man is an inalienable condition of steady economic and social development. It should be noted that water and wind erosions are the most ponderable factors of decline of the productivity of the landed resources, degradation of agrarian landscapes, 13,3 millions hectare, 19,4 millions hectare – accordingly. For analyzable period there is a size of charges during 2017 in the guard of natural environment by enterprises, organizations and establishments a 20514, 0 million UAH (without VAT) were spent, that comparatively 11% more than in 2016. Thus, due to a money state and local budgets it was mastered only 7,0 % of capital investments and it is carried out 3,3 % of current outlays, and the personal funds of enterprises and organizations were the basic sourcing of charges on the guard of environment, as well as in previous years, accordingly 59,1% and 96,6%. One of the methods of decision of the problem of negative ecological processes there is adjusting of ecological constituents by the use of levers and instruments of the tax system. The world experience plays a large role in the development of ecological insurance, and it shows that ecological insurance is a necessary attribute of market economy, as technogenic accidents and catastrophes lie down weight on the economy of any country, causing considerable financial losses. For the increase of efficiency of realization of present and new types of insurance in the field of nature management and guard of environment, and also providing of financial firmness of insurance operations,, it is necessary to create the special professional associations, which will provide co-ordination of activity of insurance companies which will be able to carry out ecological insurance, and also build the effective system of ecological re-insurance. Elimination of legislative, methodological and organizational problems will enable, despite recurring crisis phenomena in the domestic economy, to create a civilized market of environmental insurance, which will contribute to the development of the domestic market of environmental services. | ||
| Key words | ecological insurance, ecological taxation, environmental protection, natural resources, ecological situation, ecological risk, environmental costs | ||